Plant forms
Ginkgo biloba, deciduous trees, can reach heights of up to 40 meters. The trunk stands erect and the bark is gray. There are two kinds of branches, the leaves clustered on the short branches and alternate on the long branches. Leaf blade scalloped, 4 -- 8 cm long and 5 -- 10 cm wide, apex 2 lobed, base cuneate, veins parallel, forked divergent; Petiole 2.5 ~ 7 cm long. Flowers unisexual, dioecious; Male flowers are catkin pendulous, 4 ~ 6 born in the axils of short branches, with most stamens, anthers 2 locules, born in the tip of short stalks; Female flowers clustered in 2 to 3 on short branches, each flower has a long stalk, the stalk ends are forked, each bearing 1 carpel, ovule attached, usually only 1 ovule mature. Seeds drupe, obovate or elliptic, 2.5 -- 3 cm long, pale yellow, covered with white powdery waxy; The outer seed coat is fleshy and stinky; Inner seed coat gray-white, bony, ribbed on both sides; Endosperm abundant, cotyledons 2. Flowering from April to May. Fruit from July to October. It is cultivated in most parts of the country. The roots or bark of this plant (ginkgo root), bark (ginkgo bark), and leaves (ginkgo leaf) are also used for medicinal purposes.
Chemical composition
Ginkgo seeds contain a small amount of cyanoside, gibberellin and motospermatoid substances. Two ribonuclease enzymes were also isolated from the endosperm. The general composition is: protein 6.4, fat 2.4, carbohydrate 36%, calcium 10 mg, phosphorus 218 mg, iron 1 mg %, carotene 320 μ g, riboflavin 50 μ g %, and a variety of amino acids. The ectoderm contains toxic ingredients glycolic acid, hydrogenated glycolic acid, hydrogenated ginklinoic acid, ginkgohol and ginkgool. Also contains aspartic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, octanoic acid, 29 alkyl -10 and so on. Pollen contains a variety of amino acids, glutamine, aspartic acid, protein, citric acid, sucrose and so on. Male flowers contain up to 4% raffinose by fresh weight.
Extraction method
A ginkgo extract extraction method, including: step a, crushing: the white kernels broken, broken white kernels; Step b, alcohol extraction: step a to get broken white nuts with 20 60vol. % ethanol solution reflux extraction, filtration, concentrate the filtrate to no alcohol taste, the initial extraction liquid; Step c, macroporous resin enrichment: adjust step b to get the initial extract pH to 3 4, centrifugal, take the upper liquid, sample, with 30 45vol. % ethanol solution to wash the resin column, eluent collection, adjust the pH to 6 7, decompression concentration, drying, purification products; Step D, drying: dissolve with alcohol, filter, concentrate the filtrate to no alcohol taste, get the extract powder, namely white nut extract.
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