Semaglutide:
Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Novo Nordisk, a leader in the field of diabetes treatment. This drug can stimulate the pancreas β Cells secrete insulin, thereby increasing glucose metabolism; And inhibit the pancreas α Cells secrete glucagon to reduce fasting and postprandial blood sugar. In addition, it can also reduce food intake by reducing appetite and slowing down gastric digestion, ultimately reducing body fat, which is beneficial for weight loss.
Tirzepatide:
Tirzepatide (LY3298176) is a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Lilly as a weight loss drug. Tirzepatide mimics the effect of natural GIP on GIP receptors, but shows a bias towards cAMP production rather than cAMP production on GLP-1 receptors β- Compared with GLP-1, the recruitment of inhibins has a weaker ability to drive the internalization of GLP-1 receptors through tizepatide. This drug combines synthetic mimics of two hormones, GLP-1 and GIP, which are naturally released by the intestine after consumption, making people feel full.
Retatrutide:
Retarutide is a single peptide modified from the GIP peptide skeleton, containing 39 amino acids and capable of achieving triple agonist activity in GCGR, GIPR, and GLP-1R. The peptide skeleton sequence contains three non coding amino acid residues at positions 2, 20, and 13. Among them, Aib2（ α- Aminoisobutyric acid helps to improve stability and resist the degradation of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4); Aib20 helps optimize GIP activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and exploitability; α Mel13（ α- Methyl-L-leucine helps optimize the activity of glucagon (GCG) and GIP. The skeleton is partially coupled with C20 fatty acids through linkers located at the 17 lysine residues, extending its half-life through albumin binding while providing the required pharmacological properties.
