Fumaric acid, chemically known as fumaric acid, is a carboxylic acid derived from butene. Fumaric acid was first found in Corydalis, also known as fumaric acid. Fumaric acid is the simplest unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, so it is an important chemical raw material. The annual production of fumaric acid in China is more than 1 million tons, and it is widely used in medicine, food and other fields.
Fumaric acid has been studied thoroughly in the medical field. Its derivatives are often used in the treatment of psoriasis, arthritis, cerebral sclerosis and other diseases, and are often used as raw materials for the production of nutritional fortifier and acidity regulator in the food field. GB2760 stipulates that fumaric acid and sodium fumarate can be used in gum based candies, wet flour products, barbecue food and other categories.
Fumaric acid and monosodium fumarate have different applications in food mainly due to their different properties. Fumaric acid dissolves more slowly and is more suitable for low-moisture products, which can keep the product stable for a long time. However, sodium fumarate has good solubility and remarkable flavor output, which is better in meat products and beverages. As acidity regulator, its function is diversified, but the acidifier has a definite anticorrosive effect, fumaric acid is more outstanding in this respect.
Fumaric acid ester
Studies have shown that fumaric acid can significantly improve its anticorrosive effect after esterification. According to the different functional groups introduced, fumaric acid can be selectively put into different products. When combined with other preservatives, its synergistic effect is significant. Mono-methyl fumarate and dimethyl fumarate are widely studied derivatives that can be used in food, and have remarkable effects in practical application. They can overcome the problem of sensitivity of commonly used preservatives to the system, and they will become normal metabolites fumaric acid after entering the body. Fumaric acid and its esters were approved as food additives by FDA in 1981, but fumaric acid esters still have certain side effects, and fumaric acid esters have not been approved for use in food in China, and their toxicity remains to be demonstrated continuously.
Monosodium fumarate
Although fumaric acid and monosodium fumarate are acidity regulators, fumaric acid mainly plays a buffering role to improve the stability of the system. Fumarate sodium has higher chemical stability than fumaric acid, especially in antibacterial and anticorrosive aspects. There are three antibacterial mechanisms of monosodium fumarate:
1, the growth of microorganisms depends on the right environment, reducing pH can inhibit the growth of many microorganisms.
2. α,β -unsaturated carbonyl structure is considered to be the functional group of antiseptic, fumaric acid contains this group, which may be involved in permeating the outer membrane of cells, improving osmotic pressure, inhibiting biosynthesis and other aspects in bacteriostasis.
3. Quorum-sensing is a communication system for information exchange between bacteria. Bacteria sense environmental changes by synthesizing and releasing signal molecules themselves. Monosodium fumarate can block and interfere with the transmission of information between bacteria and inhibit the proliferation of microorganisms.
In terms of anticorrosive effect, monosodium fumarate can not meet the processing requirements, but when it is used with sodium acetate, sodium citrate and other preservatives, the effect is obviously improved. To achieve the same anticorrosive effect, but also reduce the use of other preservatives, is a new type of preservative preservative. The in-depth study on the anticorrosive effect of sodium fumarate within the scope of compliance is helpful to improve the overall anticorrosive quality of food, especially the combined mechanism and compound effect of other preservatives worth further research.
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